Systematic Design of CMOS Switched-Current Bandpass Sigma-Delta Modulators for Digital Communication Chips discusses architectures, circuits and procedures for the optimum design of bandpass sigma-delta (SD) A/D interfaces for mixed-signal chips in standard CMOS technologies. The book differs from others in the very detailed and in-depth coverage of switched-current (SI) errors, which supports the design of high performance SI chips. The book starts with a tutorial presentation of the fundamentals of bandpass SD converters, their applications in communications and their most common architectures. It then presents the basic SI building blocks required for their implementation and analyzes in great detail the operation of these blocks. The influence of SI errors on the performance of the SD modulators (SDMs) is also studied. The outcome is a unique set of models which can be employed with a double purpose: namely, to support iterative procedures employed in mapping specifications onto design parameters; and to allow for accurate behavioural time-domain simulation using MATLAB-like tools. The book is completed with two case studies corresponding to modulators for AM digital radio receivers.

During the first week of September 1999, the Second EvoNet Summer School on Theoretical Aspects of Evolutionary Computing was held at the Middelheim cam­ pus of the University of Antwerp, Belgium. Originally intended as a small get­ together of PhD students interested in the theory of evolutionary computing, the summer school grew to become a successful combination of a four-day workshop with over twenty researchers in the field and a two-day lecture series open to a wider audience. This book is based on the lectures and workshop contributions of this summer school. Its first part consists of tutorial papers which introduce the reader to a num­ ber of important directions in the theory of evolutionary computing. The tutorials are at graduate level andassume only a basic backgroundin mathematics and com­ puter science. No prior knowledge ofevolutionary computing or its theory is nec­ essary. The second part of the book consists of technical papers, selected from the workshop contributions. A number of them build on the material of the tutorials, exploring the theory to research level. Other technical papers may require a visit to the library.

Anytime. Anywhere. Mobile communication lets you keep in touch. The introduction of radio wave transmission by G. M. Marconi and the tele­ phone by Graham Bell in the late 19th century together brought dramatic changes in the way we communicate. By combining the two, we now possess a powerful communication tool enabling us to keep in touch with anyone, any­ time and anywhere. Technological breakthroughs have contributed to this scheme by providing compact electronic devices, and without such progress, our present situation could not have existed. We foresee a bright future based on the further progress of mobile communication. The authors of this book have engaged in the downsizing of radio frequency (RF) circuits found in wireless communication devices. Filtering devices are an essential component for such circuits, and considerable effort has been put into the research and development of such devices. This book starts from a conceptual view of such filters, and expands on this idea to provide a practical solution for the application of filtering devices. The purpose of this book is (1) to provide general information and ba­ sic design procedures for filters applied to wireless communication systems, (2) to illustrate the availability and introduce actual design examples of the stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) structure intended for the RF /microwave region, and (3) to propose a more general concept for transmission-line res­ onators based on an expanded SIR structure.

Les fautes médicales mettent en cause les médecins, mais aussi les patients mal informés et les systèmes de santé. La médecine est devenue une science, mais l’exercice de la médecine relève d’une éthique qui vise exclusivement l’intérêt et la guérison des patients.

Surface physics in the classical sense of ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) based - perimental approaches to understand well-de?ned surfaces has now become a mature branch of condensed matter research. Meanwhile, however, the th- retical concepts and experimental techniques developed in this ?eld have also become the basis for modern interface, thin ?lm and nanostructure science. Furthermore, these research ?elds are of fundamental importance for more applied branches of science, such as micro- and nanoelectronics, catalysis and corrosion research, surface protection, chemo- and biosensors, microsystems and nanostructured materials.

Deregulation is a fairly new paradigm in the electric power industry. And just as in the case of other industries where it has been introduced, the goal of deregulation is to enhance competition and bring consumers new choices and economic benefits. The process has, obviously, necessitated reformulation of established models of power system operation and control activities. Similarly, issues such as system reliability, control, security and power quality in this new environment have come in for scrutiny and debate. In this book, we attempt to present a comprehensive overview of the deregulation process that has developed till now, focussing on the operation aspects. As of now, restructured electricity markets have been established in various degrees and forms in many countries.

Studies on the electronic properties of conjugated polymers and low molecular weight organic solids have been of increasing interest in recent years. This book is organized into two parts dedicated to these two classes of materials. For each part a general introductory review provides background knowledge of the language and of the main points required for understanding the book's contents. The reviews that follow provide a more complete understanding of the underlying physics of the materials through discussion of the interconnected topics. Theoretical concepts, models and methods are overviewed; this is used to support the explanation of the physical and chemical properties of these materials. The presentation of selected aspects of experimental research greatly contributes to the basic understanding of organic electronic materials.

Since the discovery of high temperature superconductors the scientific com nmnity has been very active in research on material and system development as well as on the basic understanding of the mechanism of superconductiv ity at high transition temperatures. Industrial groups joined in very soon as with these new materials the prospects for commercial application of super conductivity seemed to be more promising than ever. Materials processing was divided into film deposition and bulk preparation techniques, the latter including conductor fabrication and melt growth of monolithic samples as well. Because of the high impact of possible applications in energy technol ogy, wire and tape fabrication of the BSCCO superconductors is one of the most important fields, in addition to thin film technology for mobile comuni cation. Only since processes like IBAD and RABiTS TM were invented have film deposition techniques also become important for energy technology.

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