This book presents 100 challenging cases encountered in vascular surgery practice that were selected from the author’s vascular registry of 7,000 vascular reconstructions (endovascular and open).

In many fields of modern mathematics specialised scientific software becomes increasingly important. Hence, tremendous effort is taken by numerous groups all over the world to develop appropriate solutions.
This book contains surveys and research papers on mathematical software and algorithms. The common thread is that the field of mathematical applications lies on the border between algebra and geometry. Topics include polyhedral geometry, elimination theory, algebraic surfaces, Gröbner bases, triangulations of point sets and the mutual relationship. This diversity is accompanied by the abundance of available software systems which often handle only special mathematical aspects. Therefore the volume's other focus is on solutions towards the integration of mathematical software systems. This includes low-level and XML based high-level communication channels as well as general framework for modular systems.

Radio-Frequency Microelectronic Circuits for Telecommunication Applications covers the design issues of radio-frequency microelectronic circuits for telecommunication applications with emphasis on devices and circuit-level design. It uses a large number of real examples from industrial design as a vehicle both to teach the principles and to ensure relevance starting from device level modeling to basic RF microelectronic circuit cell design. Modeling for high-frequency operation of both active and passive integrated devices is covered starting from the bipolar transistor to the MOS transistor to the modeling of integrated spiral inductors, resistors, capacitors, varactors and package parasitics structures. A chapter is also devoted to the presentation of the basic definitions and terminology used in RF IC design. The book continues with the presentation of the principal building blocks of an integrated RF front-end, namely, the LNA, the mixer, the VCO and integrated filters. Design paradigms are provided classified on the technology used in each case: pure bipolar, CMOS, BiCMOS or SiGe.

Computational intelligence techniques are becoming more and more important for automated problem solving nowadays. Due to the growing complexity of industrial applications and the increasingly tight time-to-market requirements, the time available for thorough problem analysis and development of tailored solution methods is decreasing. There is no doubt that this trend will continue in the foreseeable future. Hence, it is not surprising that robust and general automated problem solving methods with satisfactory performance are needed.

Logic networks and automata are facets of digital systems. The change of the design of logic networks from skills and art into a scientific discipline was possible by the development of the underlying mathematical theory called the Switching Theory. The fundamentals of this theory come from the attempts towards an algebraic description of laws of thoughts presented in the works by George J. Boole and the works on logic by Augustus De Morgan.

Biopotential Readout Circuits for Portable Acquisition Systems describes one of the main building blocks of such miniaturized biomedical signal acquisition systems. The focus of this book is on the implementation of low-power and high-performance integrated circuit building blocks that can be used to extract biopotential signals from conventional biopotential electrodes. New instrumentation amplifier architectures are introduced and their design is described in detail. These amplifiers are used to implement complete acquisition demonstrator systems that are a stepping stone towards practical miniaturized and low-power systems.

This book describes the developments and improvements in electroencephalography (EEG). In recent years, digital technology has replaced analog equipments, and it is now possible to easily record and store EEG tracings and to quickly recall previously acquired material for subsequent analysis. In addition, not only static figures, but also electronic supplementary materials can be included in books, enabling EEGs to be viewed in real-time.

The operation frequencies, bandwidths and data capacities of communications systems are continuously increasing by employing advanced technologies and aggressive scaling of device dimensions. However, the restrictions inherent in scaling make the design of radio frequency integrated circuits a demanding task. To meet the corresponding challenges designers must provide profound skills in several areas including circuit theory, silicon and compound semiconductor technologies, communications standards, system design, measurement techniques, etc. The book aims at addressing all these multidisciplinary issues in a compact and comprehensive form and in a single volume. Suitable for students, engineers and scientists, the manuscript offers the necessary theoretical background together with cookbook-like optimisation strategies and state-of-the-art design examples.

Functional Design Errors in Digital Circuits Diagnosis covers a wide spectrum of innovative methods to automate the debugging process throughout the design flow: from Register-Transfer Level (RTL) all the way to the silicon die. In particular, this book describes: (1) techniques for bug trace minimization that simplify debugging; (2) an RTL error diagnosis method that identifies the root cause of errors directly; (3) a counterexample-guided error-repair framework to automatically fix errors in gate-level and RTL designs; (4) a symmetry-based rewiring technology for fixing electrical errors; (5) an incremental verification system for physical synthesis; and (6) an integrated framework for post-silicon debugging and layout repair. The solutions provided in this book can greatly reduce debugging effort, enhance design quality, and ultimately enable the design and manufacture of more reliable electronic devices.

The book summarizes and compares recent advancements in the development of novel lateral power transistors (LDMOS devices) for integrated circuits in power electronic applications.

Log-domain and translinear filters provide a competitive alternative to the challenges of ever increasing low-voltage, low-power and high frequency demands in the area of continuous-time filters. Since translinear filters are fundamentally large-signal linear, they are capable of realizing a large dynamic range in combination with excellent tunability characteristics. Large-signal linearity is achieved by exploiting the accurate exponential behavior of the bipolar transistor or the subthreshold MOS transistor. A generalization of the dynamic translinear principle exploiting the square law behavior of the MOS transistor is theoretically possible, but not practically relevant.

The direct current transmission scheme linking the island of Gotland to the main­ land of Sweden by means of a submarine cable under the Baltic Sea is the first commercial realisation of a modern technique for the transmission of electrical energy. It is certainly not accidental that this pioneering initiative was allotted to the Gotland scheme. Various viewpoints may be presented regarding this, but the essential factor relates to the circumstances that permitted the magnitude ofthe transmitted power to be given a value which would not have been technically or economically feasible for any other project. The power, on the one hand, was sufficiently small to justify the risk associated with such a new venture, for it fell within limits acceptable both to ASEA as the manufacturer and to the Swedish State Power Board as the customer. On the other hand, the power was large enough to demonstrate the technical and economic characteristics of the new system and to provide the opportunity of gaining invaluable experience that could be applied to future large-scale transmission systems. In 1954 a team under the direction of Dr. Uno Lamm successfully commissioned the Gotland scheme, representing the culmination of many years of intensive development work.