Atomic and molecular spectroscopy has provided basic information leading to the development of quantum mechanics and to the understanding of the building blocks of matter. It continues to provide further insight into the statics and dynamics of the microcosmos, and provides the ·means for test­ ing new concepts and computational methods. The results of atomic and molecular spectroscopy are of great importance in astrophysics, plasma and laser physics. The rapidly growing field of spectroscopic applications has made considerable impact on many disciplines, including medicine, envi­ ronmental protection, chemical processing and energy research. In particu­ lar, the techniques of electron and laser spectroscopy, the subjects of the 1981 Nobel prize in physics, have contributed much to the analytical poten­ tial of spectroscopy. This textbook on Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy has been pre­ pared to provide an overview of modern spectroscopic methods. It is in­ tended to serve as a text for a course on the subject for final-year under­ graduate physics students or graduate students. It should also be useful for students of astrophysics and chemistry. The text has evolved from courses on atomic and molecular spectroscopy given by the author since 1975 at Chalmers University of Technology and at the Lund Institute of Technol­ ogy. References are given to important books and review articles which of different aspects of atomic and molecular allow more detailed studies spectroscopy. No attempt has been made to cover all important references, nor have priority aspects been systematically considered.

Drug products are complex mixtures of drugs and excipients and, as such, their chemical and physical stability kinetics are complex. This book discusses the stability of these dosage forms with preformulation studies through to the studies on the final products. The book is intended for graduate students, researchers and professionals in the field of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry.

During the past several years I have been engaged in applied research related to the stability analysis of slopes. This research was supported by the Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, University of Kentucky, in response to the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, which requires stability analysis for refuse dams, hollow fills, and spoil banks created by surface mining. The results of the research have been published in several journals and reports and also presented in a number of short courses. Both the sim­ plified and the computerized methods of stability analysis, as developed from this research, have been widely used by practicing engineers throughout Ken­ tucky for the application of mining permits. The large number of out-of-state participants in the short courses indicates that the methods developed have widespread applications. This book is a practical treatise on the stability analysis of earth slopes. Special emphasis is placed on the utility and application of stablity formulas, charts, and computer programs developed recently by the author for the analy­ sis of human-created slopes. These analyses can be used for the design of new slopes and the assessment of remedial measures on existing slopes. To make the book more complete as a treatise on slope stability analysis, other methods of stability analysis, in addition to those developed by the author, are briefly discussed. It is hoped that this book will be a useful reference, class­ room text, and users' manual for people interested in learning about stability analysis.

These notes are the result of a course in dynamical systems given at Orsay during the 1976-77 academic year. I had given a similar course at the Gradu­ ate Center of the City University of New York the previous year and came to France equipped with the class notes of two of my students there, Carol Hurwitz and Michael Maller. My goal was to present Smale's n-Stability Theorem as completely and compactly as possible and in such a way that the students would have easy access to the literature. I was not confident that I could do all this in lectures in French, so I decided to distribute lecture notes. I wrote these notes in English and Remi Langevin translated them into French. His work involved much more than translation. He consistently corrected for style, clarity, and accuracy. Albert Fathi got involved in reading the manuscript. His role quickly expanded to extensive rewriting and writing. Fathi wrote (5. 1) and (5. 2) and rewrote Theorem 7. 8 when I was in despair of ever getting it right with all the details. He kept me honest at all points and played a large role in the final form of the manuscript. He also did the main work in getting the manuscript ready when I had left France and Langevin was unfortunately unavailable. I ran out of steam by the time it came to Chapter 10. M.