"Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability" rap. by Amanda Purcell and Nancy Huddleston

This volume is dedicated to understanding climate variability on the decadal timescale to examine variability in Earth’s climate on decadal timescales, defined as 10 to 30 years. Ocean and climate scientists reviewed the state of the science of decadal climate variability and its relationship to rates of human-caused global warming, and they explored opportunities for improvement in modeling and observations and assessing knowledge gaps.

Many factors contribute to variability in Earth’s climate on a range of
timescales, from seasons to decades.
Natural climate variability arises from two different sources:
1) internal variability from interactions among components of the climate system, for example, between the ocean and the atmosphere, and
2) natural external forcings, such as variations in the amount of radiation from the Sun.
External forcings on the climate system also arise from some human activities, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols.
The climate that we experience is a combination of all of these factors.

Understanding climate variability on the decadal timescale is important to decision-making. Planners and policy makers want information about decadal variability in order to make decisions in a range of sectors, including for infrastructure, water resources, agriculture, and energy.

Contents
Preface
Overview
Introduction
Challenges in Examining Climate Trends
Modes and Mechanisms of Internal Variability
The Role of External Forcing
Overcoming Data Limitations
Toward Predictability
Frontiers and Research Opportunities
References
Appendix A: Statement of Task
Appendix B: Planning Committee Biographical Sketches
Appendix C: Workshop Agenda
Appendix D: Workshop Participants
Appendix E: Panel Presentation Abstracts
Appendix F: Song Lyrics